Abstract

• Stablecoin Market Overview: Stablecoins are an important component of the cryptocurrency market. By pegging their value to fiat currencies or assets, stablecoins serve as a hedge in the volatile crypto environment and are gradually becoming a key pillar of on-chain liquidity. Stablecoins are currently divided into three main categories: fiat-collateralized, crypto-collateralized, and algorithmic stablecoins. These are further categorized by their issuance mechanism: centralized vs. decentralized, offering diverse market options.

• Market Scale and Current Status: The stablecoin market has maintained strong growth in recent years. By January 2025, the total market capitalization of stablecoins had surpassed $206.231 billion. According to data from ARK Invest, the annual trading volume of stablecoins is expected to reach $15.6 trillion in 2024, demonstrating their central role in the liquidity of the cryptocurrency market. Behind the growth in trading volume is the increasing demand for stablecoins as a hedge and payment medium, driven by heightened volatility in cryptocurrency asset prices.

• Application Scenarios: In the crypto trading domain, stablecoins such as USDT and USDC have become the primary liquidity sources for trading pairs. In the DeFi ecosystem, stablecoins are widely used in lending, staking, liquidity mining, and other fields, while their usage in cross-border payments and on-chain settlements is continuously increasing. The arbitrage and risk-hedging functions of stablecoins also provide essential tools for complex financial operations.

• Competitive Landscape: The competition in the stablecoin market is becoming increasingly intense. Fiat-collateralized stablecoins (such as USDT, USDC) dominate the market, widely favored for their stability backed by fiat reserves. Crypto-collateralized stablecoins (such as DAI) emphasize decentralization and transparency, giving them a unique advantage in the DeFi ecosystem. Algorithmic stablecoins (such as FRAX) are continuously exploring supply-demand regulation mechanisms. Although still in the early stages, these coins show potential for innovation in specific scenarios.
• Regulatory Environment: Major global economies are accelerating the development of regulatory frameworks for stablecoins, and compliance has become the main theme for future development. The United States is tightening audit and reserve requirements for fiat-collateralized stablecoins, while the European Union’s MiCA regulation has set clear thresholds for stablecoin issuance. Regulatory policies are gradually becoming stricter in various countries. This trend increases market entry barriers, promotes compliant projects’ growth, and demands higher transparency and risk management for innovative models like algorithmic stablecoins.

• Future Outlook: Fiat-collateralized stablecoins are expected to improve transparency and efficiency through on-chain reserve proofs and cross-chain interoperability technologies. Crypto-collateralized stablecoins may further optimize over-collateralization mechanisms to improve capital efficiency. Innovation in algorithmic stablecoins will continue to evolve in areas like adjustment mechanisms and anti-peg-breaking solutions. Additionally, integrating stablecoins into cross-border payments, on-chain finance, and real-world asset (RWA) applications will help solidify their role in the global financial system.
  
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