Discussing the Development Trends of the New Generation Public Chains and Cross-Chain Interoperability

The blockchain industry has seen a surge of numerous Layer-1 projects, including several well-known public chains. Despite the fierce competition, new L1 public chains with unique advantages continue to emerge, and the technology is undergoing continuous iteration. It is expected that most Layer 1 projects in the future will adopt zkRollup technology based on zkEVM, ultimately forming a zkRollup ecosystem with full-chain interoperability.

New Generation Public Chain and Move Smart Contract Language

In 2022, the most关注的新兴公链 in the industry is projects that use the Move smart contract language. These projects are initiated by engineers who were involved in the blockchain project development of a certain social media giant, inheriting many functions of the original projects while demonstrating unique advantages in performance, programming languages, and mechanisms.

A prominent feature of the Move language is its redefinition of the "module structure," allowing assets such as tokens, NFTs, and smart contracts to be succinctly modularly defined through a single data module. This is something that the Ethereum EVM finds difficult to achieve. For example, the Move language's resource-based method design fundamentally avoids the reentrancy attack issues that have plagued the EVM ecosystem for years, causing significant losses.

Whether the new generation of public chains can become mainstream depends not only on technological advantages but also on the innovation capability of on-chain projects and the prosperity of the ecosystem. Currently, although these new public chains have advanced technology, they still require more high-quality applications and user traffic support. To capture the enormous traffic of the EVM ecosystem, the new generation of public chains may embrace the EVM system and Layer 2 networks in the future, especially the advanced zkEVM-Based zkRollup technology.

zkEVM-based zkRollup Applications on New Public Chains

zkRollup, as an efficient and secure scaling solution, can theoretically be deployed on any network that can validate its proofs. Building zkEVM-based zkRollup on the next-generation public chain has the following advantages:

1. Attract developers and users from the EVM ecosystem and reduce migration costs.
2. Provide users with lower or even negligible transaction fees.
3. Provide interaction speed and user experience close to traditional applications.

The key components for building zkEVM-based zkRollup include:

• Sequencer: Receives transactions and executes them, generating easily verifiable execution records.
• zkProver: verifies the correctness of execution records and generates zero-knowledge proofs.
• Smart Contracts: including asset custody contracts, proof verification contracts, and governance contracts.

Vision of Fully Chain-Interoperable zkRollup

As the multi-chain ecosystem develops, the demand for cross-chain asset transfer and interaction is growing. Traditional cross-chain bridge solutions face challenges in efficiency and security in a multi-chain environment. Therefore, omnichain zkRollup is expected to become the ultimate solution for cross-chain applications.

Omnichain zkRollup, based on the general-purpose zkEVM-based zkRollup, combined with the cross-chain interoperability protocol, can achieve:

• Gather the liquidity of all chain assets
• Play the role of the full-chain execution layer
• Ensure transaction correctness through zero-knowledge proofs
• Achieve programmable interaction of cross-chain assets and information

This technology will provide strong support for cross-chain applications such as decentralized exchanges, GameFi, and SocialFi, ushering in a new era of borderless Web3 applications.